语法

一、秒懂长难句

做减法

减些啥？

  1. 插入语 [两个破折号之间；两个逗号之间(修饰关系)]
  2. 作修饰成分的介词短语/to do/doing/done
  3. 从句(连接词始，一般第二个动词止)

例句：

例句一

  1. Pictures or comments on a private page that are taken out of context could ruin a perfectly good candidate’s chances of getting hired.

Pictures or comments on a private page that are taken out of context could ruin a perfectly good candidate’s chances of getting hired.

on a private page、of getting hired 介短

that are taken of context 从句

a perfectly good candidate’s 修饰成分

Pictures or comments could ruin chances.

图片或评论可能会毁掉机会。

Pictures or comments (on a private page) could ruin chances.

个人页面上的图片或评论可能会毁掉机会。

Pictures or comments on a private page (that are taken out of context) could ruin chances.

脱离了语境 ==> 断章取义

个人页面上断章取义的图片或评论可能会毁掉机会

Pictures or comments on a private page that are taken out of context could ruin chances (of getting hired).

个人页面上断章取义的图片或评论可能会毁掉被雇佣的机会。

Pictures or comments on a private page that are taken out of context could ruin (a perfectly good candidate’s) chances of getting hired.

个人页面上断章取义的 图片或评论可能会毁掉 一个非常好的候选人 被雇佣的 机会。

例句二

  1. Conversely,she says, opting for clothrs that fit well and align with your sense of style can improve your confidence.

Conversely,she says, opting for clothrs that fit well and align with your sense of style can improve your confidence.

Conversely 副词，修饰整个句子，修饰成分

for clothrs 因为 opting for 固定搭配，所以可以不删

she says 两个逗号之间，且是修饰成分

that fit well and align with your sense of style 从句，一般到第二个动词，但是这个是并列关系，例外

opting for clothrs can improve your confidence.

选择衣服可以增加你的自信。

opting for clothrs (that fit well and align with your sense of style) can improve your confidence.

选择合身且符合你风格的衣服可以增加你的

Conversely,she says,opting for clothrs that fit well and align with your sense of style can improve your confidence.

相反的是，她说， 选择 合身且符合你风格的 衣服可以增加你的自信。

练习一

  1. A proposal to strengthen digital protection and inheritance of cultural heritage earned wide support among Chinese cultural experts and archaeologists on Wednesday.

A proposal to strengthen digital protection and inheritance of cultural heritage earned wide support among Chinese cultural experts and archaeologists on Wednesday.

to strengthen digital protection and inheritance 不定式短语

of cultural heritage 介短

among Chinese cultural experts and archaeologists 状语

on Wednesday. 时间状语

A proposal earned wide support.

一项提案赢得了广泛的支持。

to strengthen digital protection and inheritance

加强数字化的保护和传承(修饰一)

of cultural heritage

文化遗产的(修饰二)

among Chinese cultural experts and archaeologists

在中国文化专家和考古学家之间(修饰三)

On Wednesday 在周三

1）周三，一项加强文化遗产数字保护和传承的提案赢得了中国文化专家和考古学家的广泛支持。

2）周三，一项提案赢得了中国文化专家和考古学家的广泛支持，这项提案旨在加强文化遗产数字保护和传承。

练习二

  1. The number of girls who seek to hide their probleams from others has also risen,with 60% of girls going to great lengths to hide feelings of unhappiness compared with 80% now.

The number of girls ~who seek to hide their probleams from others has also risen,with 60% of girls going to great lengths to hide feelings of unhappiness compared with 80% now.

of girls

with 60% of girls going to great lengths to hide feelings of unhappiness

compared with 80% now.

who seek to hide their probleams from others

The number has also risen. 数量也增加了。

The number (of girls) has also risen. 女孩的数量也增加了。

The number of girls (who seek to hide their probiems from others) has also risen. 试图向他人隐藏自己问题的女孩的数量也增加了。

The number of girls who seek to hide their probiems from others has also risen,(with 60% of girls going to great lengths to hide feelings of unhappiness )

试图向他人隐藏自己问题的女孩的数量也增加了，60%的女孩会竭尽全力隐藏自己的不快。

The number of girls who seek to hide their probiems from others has also risen,with 60% of girls going to great lengths to hide feelings of unhappiness

(compared with 80% now.)

试图向他人隐藏自己问题的女孩的数量也增加了，60%的女孩会竭尽全力隐藏自己的不快,而现在这一比例为80%。

总结：

减修饰——>减插入语(两个破折号/逗号之间[判断是否为修饰])

抓主干(找谓语)——> 减作修饰成分的介词短语to do/doing/done

快理解——> 减从句(连接词始，一般第二个动词止)

二、五大基本句型

句子主干：

主谓宾

主系表

主谓 + 强调句

主谓宾宾

主谓宾补

动词(谓语)

动词的分类：

  1. 实义动词

    • 及物动词 跟对象 eat/like/find（vt）
    • 不及物动词 不需要对象 run/dance/swim （vi）

  2. 系动词

    能用be动词替换

  3. 助动词

    时态[will]，否定[didn’t]，情态[can]

主谓宾 及物动词

主系表 系动词=be 三个句型 三种动词

主谓 不及物动词

主谓宾宾

主谓宾补

小技巧：如何判断宾宾和宾补？

在宾宾/宾补之间加一个(是/be)，如果说得通的是主谓宾补，说不通的是主谓宾宾

强调句

例句：Xiao Cai plays basketball on the playground every day

强调主语：It is Xiao Cai who/that plays basketball on the playground every day.

强调宾语：It is basketball that Xiao Cai plays on the playground every day.

强调状语：It is on the playground that Xiao Cai plays basketball every day.

如何判断这个句子是不是强调句？

脱掉It is … that/who …,仍旧是一个完整的句子

综合练习

减修饰、找主干、判断句型

  1. The promotion of limited-edition “blind box” toys with the sale of KFC family buckets can easily induce impulse purchase of consummers and cause unnecessary food waste.

of limited-edition “blind box” toys

with the sale

of KFC family buckets

easily

of consummers

unnecessary

The promotion can induce impulse purchase and cause food waste.

主干翻译：促销会引发冲动消费并导致食物浪费。

主干基本句型：主谓宾

The promotion (of limited-edition “blind box” toys)(with the sale) (of KFC family buckets )can (easily) induce impulse purchase (of consummers) and cause (unnecessary) food waste.

长难句翻译：限量版盲盒玩具搭配肯德基全家桶套餐销售的促销方式，容易引发消费者的冲动消费，并导致不必要的食物浪费。

  1. The deal，which is expected to be valued at close to £2 billion，equivalent to around $2.3 billion,could be announced in the coming days.

which is expected to be valued at close to £2 billion

equivalent to around $2.3 billion

in the coming days.

The deal could be announced.

主干翻译：这个交易可能会被宣布。

主干基本句型：主系表

The deal，（which is expected to be valued at close to £2 billion，）（equivalent to around $2.3 billion）,（could be announced）（ in the coming days.）

长难句翻译：

1.这笔预计估值接近20亿欧元、相当于23亿美元的交易，可能会在接下来几天公布。

2.这笔交易可能会在接下来几天宣布，交易预计估值接近20亿欧元、相当于23亿美元

总结

主谓宾 及物动词

主谓 不及物动词 三个句型 三种动词

主系表 系动词=be

主谓宾补

主谓宾宾

强调句 It is … that/who …

三、句子成分

主 宾 表 —》 主角

定 状 同 —》修饰

主语

主语：动作发出者

由名词/代词/doing/to do/句子等充当

​ to do 某一次，未完成

do

​ doing 持续，习惯

宾语

宾语：动作承受着

由名词/代词/doing/to do/句子等充当

位置：谓语动词之后/介词之后

表语

表语：修饰主语，用来说明主语的状态、特征

由名词/形容词/to do/doing/句子等充当